ArticleOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2026
Water-Wheat-Wait: Monitoring wild mallards (
Article in One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The southern Baltic Sea coast is an important stopover region for wild waterbirds, particularly between late August and April. These birds can contribute to the maintenance and spread of viral and bacterial pathogens, including highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria such as ESBL-producing Methods: From June 2022 to December 2023, we deployed shallow plastic bins with coastal brackish water and wheat grains along the Greifswalder Bodden shore, Baltic Sea, Germany, to attract wild waterbirds. After bird visits, water samples were analyzed for influenza A virus by RT-qPCR. In July 2022, four samples were cultured for ESBL-producing Results: Camera monitoring confirmed that mallards ( Conclusion: This non-invasive approach is a promising tool for environmental surveillance of viral and bacterial pathogens, with sensitivity expected to improve through enrichment techniques targeting pathogens in water.
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