ArticleFrontiers in aging neuroscience2026
Effects of the multidomain non-pharmacological interventions on anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms in older adults with suspected cognitive impairment: a propensity score matching and difference-in-differences analysis.
Article in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Mental health problems among older adults with cognitive impairment have attracted increasing attention. Although non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) are considered safe and feasible, evidence regarding their effects on older adults with suspected cognitive impairment in Southwest China remains limited. Methods: This intervention study was conducted in an urban district of Chongqing, China, including older adults with suspected cognitive impairment. A total of 159 individuals were assigned to the intervention group and 161 to the control group. The intervention group received routine health education in addition to a 2-month multidomain NPIs, while the control group received routine health education only. The multidomain NPIs included multiple components, such as music, physical exercise, and sensory stimulation. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using validated assessment tools, including the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics, and difference-in-differences (DID) models estimated the net intervention effect. Difference-in-Difference-in-Differences (DDD) models further examined whether baseline cognitive status modified the effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results: In this study, the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms was 24.38% and 10.94%, respectively. After PSM, 202 participants were included in the analysis. DID results showed that the multidomain NPIs significantly reduced anxiety symptoms (β = -1.44, 95% CI: -2.22, -0.65, Conclusion: The multidomain NPIs may reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults with suspected cognitive impairment, with effects on depressive symptoms potentially moderated by baseline cognitive status. Integrating the multidomain NPIs into early cognitive impairment management may improve emotional well-being.
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