ArticleJournal of traditional and complementary medicine2026
Comparative outcomes and clinic utilization of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in integrated health care in Taiwan.
Article in Journal of traditional and complementary medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) implemented the Integrated Health Care (IHC) program in 2016, with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) incorporated into the program in 2019 as a complementary home-based care model. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization patterns and clinical outcomes of TCM-based integrated health care (IHC-TCM) compared with Western Medicine-based integrated health care (IHC-WM). Experimental procedure: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 2019 to 2021. Patients receiving IHC-TCM were compared with those receiving IHC-WM. Propensity score matching (1:1) was applied to balance baseline characteristics. Logistic regression models were used to estimate mortality outcomes. Results and conclusion: Mortality rates at 90-, 180-, and 365-day were 2.7% vs. 0.8%, 5.0% vs. 3.5%, and 7.3% vs. 6.4% for IHC-TCM and IHC-WM, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed at 90-, 180-, and 365-day follow-ups. However, a non-significant trend toward higher 90-day mortality was observed in the IHC-TCM group (p = 0.057). In terms of healthcare utilization, IHC-TCM was associated with fewer WM outpatient department (OPD) visits, increased TCM utilization, and different ER utilization patterns. IHC-TCM demonstrated comparable long-term mortality outcomes to IHC-WM, although a potential early-phase mortality difference cannot be excluded. Distinct healthcare utilization patterns suggest a substitution effect between TCM and WM services.
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