ArticleFrontiers in dental medicine2026
Effects of papain-based gel and air-abrasion enamel pretreatments on microleakage, sealant penetration, and shear bond strength of fissure sealant materials: an
Article in Frontiers in dental medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Establishing a durable seal between enamel and fissure sealant materials is critical for the long-term prevention of occlusal caries, particularly in anatomically complex pits and fissures. This Methods: A total of 120 sound human premolars were randomly allocated according to sealant type, resin-based sealant (RBS) or resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and pretreatment protocol: no pretreatment, enzymatic papain-based gel, or air abrasion. Following sealant application and thermocycling, microleakage was evaluated by dye penetration under a stereomicroscope. Sealant penetration was measured in relation to fissure morphology using ImageJ software, and shear bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine. Results: RBS showed significantly lower microleakage than RMGIC, indicating better sealing ability. Papain-based gel pretreatment significantly reduced microleakage in the RBS group without affecting sealant penetration or shear bond strength; however, no comparable improvement was observed in the RMGIC group. In contrast, air abrasion pretreatment did not produce a significant improvement in any of the evaluated outcomes. Fissure morphology significantly influenced sealant penetration, with wider fissure patterns demonstrating greater penetration. Discussion: These findings indicate that fissure sealant performance is primarily influenced by material properties and fissure morphology, while the benefit of enamel pretreatment appears to be material-dependent.
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