ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Faricimab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: aqueous humor cytokine profiling and biomarker correlations.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: To investigate aqueous humor cytokine profile changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients before and after intravitreal faricimab injection, and their correlation with biomarkers. Methods: Twenty-three nAMD patients and 10 cataract controls were enrolled. Aqueous humor was collected from nAMD patients at baseline and 12 weeks post-faricimab injection, and from controls during phacoemulsification. Twelve cytokines were quantified via multiplex bead-based immunoassay. OCTA measured central macular thickness (CMT) and retinal vessel density in nAMD eyes. Results: Baseline vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and HGF levels were higher in nAMD patients than controls. Post-treatment, VEGF and Ang-2 decreased below control levels, while hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and interferon gamma protein 10 (IP-10) increased significantly. Reductions in Ang-2/VEGF correlated positively with decreased CMT and whole retinal thickness, with concurrent improvements in best-corrected visual acuity. Elevated IP-10 showed a correlative association with reduced superficial foveal vessel density. Conclusion: Faricimab dual-blockades VEGF/Ang-2, reducing their aqueous levels, improving CMT/whole retinal thickness and visual acuity. However, post-treatment HGF/IP-10 upregulation indicates compensatory inflammatory-angiogenic remodeling. IP-10 may serve as a potential correlative biomarker linked to subclinical capillary rarefaction. Future studies should explore combined anti-IP-10 therapy or extended dosing intervals to preserve foveal vasculature while maintaining anti-leakage efficacy.
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