Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42698154›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical primatology2026

Comparative Immunopathology of Toxoplasma gondii Natural Infections in Marmosets (Callithrix spp.) and Howler Monkeys (Alouatta spp.), Brazil.

Marina Pellegrino, Alessandra L M Santos, Cinthya Dos Santos Cirqueira, Gabrielle F P da Silva Gagliotti, Ana Carolina Ewbank, Carlos Sacristán, Rodrigo Albergaria Ressio, Natália C C A Fernandes, Juliana Mariotti Guerra, José Luiz Catão-Dias

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical primatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Marina PellegrinoLaboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-3599
Alessandra L M SantosLaboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7395-0267
Cinthya Dos Santos CirqueiraPathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3719-5505
Gabrielle F P da Silva GagliottiPathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
Ana Carolina EwbankGroup of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Animal Health Research Center (INIA-CISA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-0642
Carlos SacristánGroup of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Animal Health Research Center (INIA-CISA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-6301
Rodrigo Albergaria RessioPathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
Natália C C A FernandesPathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-4200
Juliana Mariotti GuerraLaboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
José Luiz Catão-DiasLaboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2999-3395

Funding

Agencia Estatal de Investigación JDC2022-048632-ICoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 001Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2022/08313-7
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionNeotropical primates (NTPs) present varying susceptibility to toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, but their immunopathogenic responses remain poorly understood. MATERIALS AND

methodsLocal immune responses were characterized in the liver, spleen, and central nervous system (CNS) of 50 naturally infected NTPs (31 Callithrix spp.; 19 Alouatta spp.) by immunohistochemistry. Splenic white pulp morphometry, CD3+ T lymphocyte, Iba1+ macrophage/microglia, polymorphonuclear neutrophil quantification, and IFN-γ and IL-10 semi-quantification were performed.

resultsBoth genera exhibited splenic white pulp hyperplasia. Within genera, marmosets showed predominant CD3+ infiltrates in the spleen and histiocytic infiltrates in the liver and CNS, whereas howler monkeys exhibited predominantly histiocytic infiltrates in all tissues. Between genera, marmosets had significantly higher splenic CD3+ T-cell (p < 0.05), Iba1+ macrophage (p = 0.030), and IFN-γ (p = 0.018) immunolabeling than howler monkeys.

Indexed as

AlouattaCallithrixMonkey DiseasesToxoplasmaToxoplasmosis, AnimalAnimalsBrazilFemaleLiverMaleSpleenimmunohistochemistryimmunologyneotropical primatesprotozoatoxoplasmosis

Identifiers

PMID42698154
PMCPMC13545323

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.