Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42696715›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2026

Prevalence of Use of Mobile Food Delivery Services During School Hours in the United States: Survey Study.

Mika Matsuzaki, Audrey W Ting, Nick Birk, Maria Elena Acosta, Carla Estefania Tarazona Meza, Brisa N Sánchez, Emma V Sanchez-Vaznaugh, Sabri Bromage

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mika MatsuzakiDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-3757
Audrey W TingDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-6526-8524
Nick BirkDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7938-8153
Maria Elena AcostaDepartment of Public Health, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5449-2038
Carla Estefania Tarazona MezaDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0623-6543
Brisa N SánchezDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4824-7200
Emma V Sanchez-VaznaughDepartment of Public Health, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4447-4414
Sabri BromageInstitute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand, 66 623341801.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6552-4871

Funding

Understanding and addressing risks of low socioeconomic status and diabetes for heart failureP50MD017348 · NIMHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CREWS, DEIDRA CANDICE, YEH, HSIN-CHIEH · 2021 to 2025
$24.2M
Effectiveness of population level interventions in schools and academic performanceR01MD017687 · NIMHD · DREXEL UNIVERSITY · PI Brisa N Sanchez, Emma V. Sanchez-Vaznaugh · 2022 to 2026
$3.2M
Population-level nutrition interventions and food environment effects on obesityR01HD111169 · NICHD · DREXEL UNIVERSITY · PI Brisa N Sanchez, Emma V. Sanchez-Vaznaugh · 2024 to 2026
$2.0M
Systems Science Approaches for Reducing Youth Obesity DisparitiesK01HL165465 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Mika Matsuzaki · 2023 to 2026
$683k
NHLBI NIH HHS K01 HL165465NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD111169NIMHD NIH HHS P50 MD017348NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD017687
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Federal and state school nutrition policies over the past 20 years have improved school meal nutritional quality, children's diet quality, and childhood obesity prevalence in the United States. However, increasing use of mobile food delivery apps during school hours may introduce new dietary risks among adolescents. Objective: This study aimed to assess adolescents' usage patterns of, and perceptions toward, mobile food delivery during school hours in the United States. Methods: We administered a national online survey in July to August 2025 using the AmeriSpeak Teen Omnibus platform operated by NORC at the University of Chicago. The respondents were 1027 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. We estimated and statistically compared survey-weighted distributions of self-reported types and frequencies of mobile food app usage characteristics during and after school by age, sex, race/ethnicity, household income levels, and regional strata using Results: Nearly 1 in 4 adolescents have used mobile food delivery services during school hours, and nearly half used them after school. Large proportions of adolescents used these services to order fast food (58.8%) and sugar-sweetened beverages (34.1%), while grain bowls, fruit, non-deep-fried vegetables, and unsweetened beverages were less popular. About 34.0% of adolescents in the western United States attended schools that allowed mobile food delivery during school hours, a substantially higher proportion than other national regions; however, adolescents in the West more frequently cited the perceived high costs as the reason for not using those services. Nearly half of the respondents (47.2%) supported the idea of mobile food delivery during school hours. However, distraction from their learning environment was a major concern regardless of their support or opposition to mobile food delivery at school. Conclusions: Mobile food delivery during school hours is a relatively new method of food acquisition for adolescent students. School nutrition policy should consider students' access to and usage patterns of both physical and digital food environments to help ensure the development of lifelong healthy eating habits among adolescents.

Indexed as

Food ServicesMobile ApplicationsSchoolsAdolescentFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited Statesadolescent nutritionchildhood obesityfood deliveryfood environmentschool nutrition

Identifiers

PMID42696715
PMCPMC13544697

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.