Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42696609›Full record

ArticleScience immunology2026

Tissue mitochondrial activity dictates the macrophage pool size.

Laura Pena-Couso, Jon Sicilia, Sofía Vieto, Roberto Silva-Rojas, María Sánchez-Díaz, Enrique Calvo, Rafael Romero-Becerra, Cintia Folgueira, Leticia Herrera-Melle, Raquel Justo-Méndez and 24 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors.

Laura Pena-CousoCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8665-1618
Jon SiciliaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5073-9132
Sofía VietoVascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6969-3605
Roberto Silva-RojasCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0349-4283
María Sánchez-DíazCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8841-3496
Enrique CalvoCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9096-5233
Rafael Romero-BecerraCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3935-2647
Cintia FolgueiraCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3803-9149
Leticia Herrera-MelleCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9630-2219
Raquel Justo-MéndezCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7648-3550
Xiaotong HongCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1301-1350
Silvia CampanarioCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9942-2179
Juan A LópezCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9097-6060
Georgiana CrainiciucCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-0912-7425
María GilCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0009-0006-3778-5798
Sandra Martín-SalamancaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0009-0002-3624-4149
Vera LukesovaDepartment of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain.
Jessica SegalésDepartment of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3565-0014
Antonio L SerranoAltos Labs Inc., San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1476-578X
Iván BallesterosCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6246-2353
Marta LeónCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0009-0005-4170-341X
Macarena de Andrés-LaguilloCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5309-626X
Sebastian A StifterInstitute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-7825-222X
Lorena Esteban-MartínezCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8163-6259
Joan IsernCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1401-9779
Jorge Alegre-CebolladaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0542-0170
Miguel TorresCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0906-4767
Melanie GreterInstitute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-7220-5369
Jesús VázquezCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1461-5092
José A EnríquezCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3671-2961
Guadalupe Sabio-BuzoCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2822-0625
Pura Muñoz-CánovesCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7533-9047
Andrés HidalgoCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5513-555X
José A Nicolás-ÁvilaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8301-7216

Funding

UCSF Nutrition Obesity Research CenterP30DK098722 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CHRISTIAN VAISSE · 2015 to 2026
$14.6M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK098722
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Removal of cellular waste from the extracellular space is fundamental for tissue health. Because the rate of material ejected by parenchymal cells varies across tissues, we searched for mechanisms that couple waste production and removal. Here, we show that the uptake of parenchyma-released mitochondria by macrophages is prominent across organs that rely on oxidative respiration-including heart, skeletal muscle, and brown adipose tissue-and that macrophage numbers closely align with the mitochondrial activity of each of these organs. We found that the mitochondrial activity of myofibers dictates the abundance of macrophages by modulating colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) availability and the number of CSF1-producing fibroblasts in the tissue. Consequently, inhibition of CSF1-CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling depleted macrophages and collapsed the mitochondrial activity of skeletal muscles. We propose that, by coupling macrophage abundance to the mitochondrial activity of their parenchyma, tissues ensure efficient waste disposal and fitness.

Indexed as

MacrophagesMitochondriaAdipose Tissue, BrownAnimalsFibroblastsMacrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMuscle, SkeletalReceptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorSignal TransductionCsf1r protein, mouseMacrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorReceptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor

Identifiers

PMID42696609
PMCPMC13633044

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.