ArticleAnnals of medicine2026
Heterogeneous effects of preoperative beta blockers on 30-day mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe role of preoperative β-blocker therapy in patients with ventricular dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains unclear.
objectiveWe aim to evaluate heterogeneous treatment effects of preoperative β-blocker therapy in patients with ventricular dysfunction undergoing CABG and to identify subgroups that may derive greater benefit from preoperative β-blocker therapy than untreated controls.
methodsTo investigate the heterogeneous treatment effects of preoperative β-blocker therapy on 30-day mortality in patients with ventricular dysfunction undergoing CABG, we analyzed data on 6,492 patients in the Chinese Cardiac Surgery Registry database between 2017 and 2020. After propensity score matching, we applied a machine-learning iterative causal forest (iCF) algorithm to estimate individualized treatment effects (ITEs) of β-blockers on 30-day all-cause mortality after CABG.
resultsThe iCF models showed heterogeneity in the effects of preoperative β-blockers on 30-day mortality. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and body mass index (BMI) were identified by the algorithm to distinguish patients with heterogeneous treatment effects. Among patients with eGFR 66 mL/min/1.73 m
conclusionMachine learning analysis revealed treatment effect heterogeneity, with preoperative β-blockers demonstrating superior outcomes specifically in CABG patients with ventricular dysfunction and concomitant renal dysfunction (eGFR ≤ 66 mL/min/1.73 m
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.