Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42696096›Full record

ArticleClinical pharmacokinetics2026

Target Attainment and Clinical and Biochemical Parameters Associated with the Pharmacokinetics of 12 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Zaid N Al Shirity, Paola Mian, Anouk Dontje, Anthonie J van der Wekken, Esther Broekman, Saskia K Klein, Daan J Touw, Thijs H Oude Munnink, Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge, Bahez Gareb

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Zaid N Al ShirityDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Paola MianDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Anouk DontjeDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Anthonie J van der WekkenDepartment of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Esther BroekmanDepartment of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Saskia K KleinDepartment of Haematology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Daan J TouwDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Thijs H Oude MunninkDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Marjolijn N Lub-de HoogeDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Bahez GarebDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. b.gareb01@umcg.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectiveTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are targeted cancer therapies. However, TKIs are still limited due to their high inter-individual variability. This study evaluated target attainment using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data from 12 TKIs, and investigated biochemical and patient-related characteristics influencing TKI pharmacokinetics (PK)

methodsThis single-centre retrospective study included cancer patients treated with TKIs between January 2020 and August 2024. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were extracted from electronic health records. Univariate and multivariate linear mixed models were used to identify factors associated with TKI PK.

resultsA total of 1237 TKI concentrations from 309 patients were included. Target attainment percentages were: 74.6% for alectinib; 70% for bosutinib; 49.9-61.9% for imatinib depending on the indication; 88.9% for nilotinib; 50% for pazopanib; 50% for ponatinib; 89.5% for regorafenib; 26.6% for sunitinib; ibrutinib, lenvatinib and trametinib had too few data for formal assessment; 40-87.5% for dasatinib, depending on indication and parameter (C

conclusionTarget attainment was suboptimal for most TKIs, supporting the need for TDM-guided optimisation and individualised dosing. Associations between TKI exposure and renal, hepatic, and haematological parameters further support personalised treatment strategies.

Identifiers

PMID42696096

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.