ArticleArchives of virology2026
Surveillance of tick-borne encephalitis virus and Tribeč Virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks from Slovakia.
Article in Archives of virology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Tick-borne viruses represent a significant and growing public health concern in Europe. This study investigated the minimum infection rates (MIRs) of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Tribeč virus (TRBV) in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Slovakia during 2016-2017 and 2023-2024. A total of 3,686 ticks (3,262 nymphs in 359 pools and 424 adults in 99 pools) from 13 sampling sites were screened for viral RNA. The overall MIRs were 0.38% for TBEV and 0.22% for TRBV. All positive detections occurred in nymphal pools. TBEV was detected at 8 of 13 sampling sites, with local prevalence ranging from 0 to 1.32%, whereas TRBV was detected at 6 sites, with local prevalence ranging from 0 to 0.83%. Two nymphal pools were positive for both TBEV and TRBV. Regression analysis indicated a statistically significant positive association between TBEV and TRBV positivity at the pool level. Genetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences obtained for segments 2 and 4 revealed a close evolutionary relationship among the Slovak TRBV strains. These findings suggest possible co-circulation of TBEV and TRBV in I. ricinus populations in selected sites in Slovakia and raise the possibility of co-infections, highlighting the importance of continued surveillance of tick-borne viruses.
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