ArticlePhysical review. X2022
Tie-Line Analysis Reveals Interactions Driving Heteromolecular Condensate Formation.
Article in Physical review. X, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- RNA G-quadruplexes function as a tunable switch of FUS phase separation.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Nucleation Kinetics Reveals a Distinct Biological Function Space of Biomolecular Condensates.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Residue-level mapping of crowding effects on protein phase separation.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Reversibility and β-sheet formation are decoupled in tau condensate aging.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Biomolecular condensates sustain pH gradients at equilibrium through charge neutralization.Nature chemistry · 2026Article
- Biomolecular Phase Boundaries are Described by a Solubility Product That Accounts for Variable Stoichiometry and Soluble Oligomers.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- RNA G-Quadruplexes Function as a Tunable Switch of FUS Phase Separation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Biomolecular phase boundaries are described by a solubility product that accounts for variable stoichiometry and soluble oligomers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Repulsive vs Attractive Crowding Distinctly Regulate TDP-43 Condensates through Region-specific Structural Dynamics.JACS Au · 2025Article
- Amino acids bind to phase-separating proteins and modulate biomolecular condensate stability and dynamics.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Quantifying collective interactions in biomolecular phase separation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A coarse-grained model for disordered proteins under crowded conditions.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- The rheology and interfacial properties of biomolecular condensates.Biophysical reviews · 2025Review
- A mechanism for MEX-5-driven disassembly of PGL-3/RNA condensates in vitro.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Live-cell quantification reveals viscoelastic regulation of synapsin condensates by α-synuclein.Science advances · 2025Article
- Differential interactions determine anisotropies at interfaces of RNA-based biomolecular condensates.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Dominance analysis to assess solute contributions to multicomponent phase equilibria.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Crowder titrations enable the quantification of driving forces for macromolecular phase separation.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Transient crosslinking controls the condensate formation pathway within chromatin networks.Physical review. E · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Phase separation of biomolecules gives rise to membraneless organelles that contribute to the spatiotemporal organization of the cell. In most cases, such biomolecular condensates contain multiple components, but the manner in which interactions between components control the stability of condensates have remained challenging to elucidate. Here, we develop an approach to determine tie-line gradients in ternary biomolecular phase-separation systems based on measurements of the dilute phase concentration of only one component. We show that the sign of the tie-line gradient is related to the cross-interaction energy between the polymers in the system and discriminates between associative and segregative phase separation. Using this approach, we study the interaction between protein fused in sarcoma (FUS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer chains and measure positive tie-line gradients. Our results show that PEG drives phase separation through an associative interaction with FUS, other than through acting as an inert crowder. We further study the interaction between poly(A) ribonucleic acid (RNA) (3.0 ± 0.5 kDa [kilodalton]) and the protein G3BP1, and using the tie-line gradient as a reporter for the stoichiometry of polymers in the condensate, we determine a G3BP1-to-poly(A) RNA molar ratio of 1 : 4 in the dense phase. Our framework for measuring tie-line gradients opens up a route for the characterization of interaction types and compositions in ternary phase-separation systems.
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