ArticleInternational journal of medical sciences2026
Combined Effects of Vitamin D3 and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Osteoblast Differentiation via F-actin mediated Pdia3 Membrane Localization.
Article in International journal of medical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim: 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ (vitamin D3, VitD3) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) promote osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Protein disulfide isomerase-associated 3 (Pdia3) mediates rapid membrane signaling of VitD3, but its interaction with ESWT remains unclear. Materials and Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with VitD3, ESWT, or both. Alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin red staining assessed osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Pdia3 expression and signaling were evaluated by Western blotting and ELISA. Pdia3 distribution was analyzed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Results: The actin polymerization inhibitor latrunculin B tested the role of F-actin. Combined VitD3 and ESWT significantly increased ALP activity, mineral deposition, Pdia3 expression, and plasma membrane localization versus single treatments. These effects were mediated by Pdia3-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Disruption of F-actin reduced Pdia3 membrane localization and abolished the combined osteogenic effects. ESWT promoted F-actin repolymerization, facilitating Pdia3 trafficking to the membrane. Conclusion: VitD3 and ESWT exert enhanced combined effects on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization by promoting F-actin mediated Pdia3 membrane localization and activating the PKC pathway. The integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for these effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.