Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42694244›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Friend or foe: divergent immunomodulatory effects of metabolites derived from the virucidal zinc finger inhibitor SAMT-247.

Emmanuel K Woode, Katherine C Goldfarbmuren, Oluwatobi T Arisa, Massimiliano Bissa, Luca Schifanella, Marco Robello, Manjula Gunawardana, John A Moss, Amalia E Castonguay, Irina Butkyavichene and 7 more

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Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Emmanuel K WoodeAnimal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Katherine C GoldfarbmurenAdvanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States.
Oluwatobi T ArisaGenitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Massimiliano BissaAnimal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Luca SchifanellaAnimal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Marco RobelloSynthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Manjula GunawardanaDepartment of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, CA, United States.
John A MossDepartment of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, CA, United States.
Amalia E CastonguayDepartment of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, CA, United States.
Irina ButkyavicheneDepartment of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, CA, United States.
Lisa M JenkinsMass Spectrometry Resource, Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Earl B EttienneCollege of Pharmacy, Howard University College of Pharmacy, Washington, DC, United States.
Daniel H AppellaSynthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Marc M BaumDepartment of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, CA, United States.
William D FiggGenitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Genoveffa FranchiniAnimal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Mohammad Arif RahmanAnimal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Basic Research Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Topical administration of SAMT-247, a mercaptobenzamide thioester zinc finger inhibitor targeting the HIV nucleocapsid Gag zinc finger protein, generates multiple metabolites in mucosal tissues, including Met-A, Met-B, Met-C, and Met-D. Prior studies established that SAMT-247, delivered either as a vaginal gel or via an intravaginal ring (IVR), synergizes with the ΔV1DNA/ALVAC-SIV/ΔV1gp120/alum vaccine regimen to markedly reduce vaginal SIV Methods: We performed Results: High concentrations of Met-B, Met-C, and Met-D were detected in vaginal secretions, whereas vaginal tissues contained predominantly Met-D, low levels of Met-A, and no detectable Met-B or Met-C. Functionally, Met-D most closely recapitulated and reinforced the protective immune profile associated with SAMT-247, preserving or expanding IL-17 Conclusion: We observed distinct immunomodulatory effects associated with different SAMT-247 metabolites. These findings may guide future delivery strategies that favor tissue-available Met-D while limiting Met-A accumulation. More broadly, this study underscores the importance of metabolite-specific analyses for defining the biological activity and mechanisms of action of therapeutic agents.

Indexed as

Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeSimian Immunodeficiency VirusZinc FingersAnimalsFemaleImmunity, MucosalMacaca mulattaSAIDS VaccinesVaginaSAIDS VaccinesHIV/SIVHIV/SIV vaccineimmunomodulationmetabolite of SAMT-247mucosal immunitySAMT-247vaccine-induced immune responseszinc finger inhibitor

Identifiers

PMID42694244
PMCPMC13538096

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.