Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42693355›Full record

ReviewMolecular neurobiology2026

Role of HMGB1 in Neuroinflammation.

Amir Ajoolabady, Rizwan Ahmad, Glowi Alasiri, Mohammed Alaidarous, Randa Mohammad Ibrahim, Bonglee Kim, Altaf A Abdulkhaliq, Anwar Borai, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Bahauddeen M Alrfaei and 3 more

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Amir Ajoolabady *National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China. ajoolabady@gmail.com.
Rizwan Ahmad *Vice Deanship of Development and Community Partnerships, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Glowi AlasiriDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 13317, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed AlaidarousDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, 11952, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
Randa Mohammad IbrahimDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, 11952, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
Bonglee KimDepartment of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
Altaf A AbdulkhaliqDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Anwar BoraiKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Jaakko TuomilehtoDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Bahauddeen M AlrfaeiKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC)/King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), MNGHA, 11426, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Jun RenNational Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Johra KhanDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, 11952, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. j.khan@mu.edu.sa.
Domenico PraticoDepartment of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. praticod@temple.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1 protein) refers to a chromatin-associated protein localized in the cytosol to be secreted to the extracellular milieu from multiple cell types including immune and non-immune cells. In this context, HMGB1 functions as a proinflammatory cytokine. Microglia as the main resident immune cells in the brain actively express and secrete HMGB1. Accumulative evidence suggests that HMGB1, released not only by microglia but also astrocytes and endothelial cells, plays a central role in mediating inflammatory signaling and driving the progression of neuroinflammation. In this review, we aim to discuss the critical role and key implications of HMGB1 in neuroinflammation, focusing on the most recent studies and discoveries in this area.

Indexed as

BrainHMGB1 ProteinInflammationNeuroinflammatory DiseasesAnimalsHumansMicrogliaSignal TransductionHMGB1 ProteinCerebralHippocampalHMGB1MicrogliaNeuroinflammationNF-κBRAGETLRs

Identifiers

PMID42693355

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.