ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2026
Migraine and Reduced Binocular Vision in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeHeadache disorders and untreated vision problems are both common among adolescents. This study aimed to examine headache characteristics in adolescents and potential associations with untreated vision problems.
methodsAs part of a school vision testing programme, 230 Norwegian adolescents aged 15.5 ± 0.5 years (mean ± SD) completed a structured questionnaire including questions that allowed for classification according to The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. The Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale was used for registration of pain intensity. The questionnaire also registered general health, pain/discomfort in the upper body, screen time and physical activity.
resultsA total of 190 (83%) adolescents reported experiencing headache, while frequent tension-type headache was classified in 42 (18%) and migraine in 25 (11%) of the adolescents. Adolescents with an untreated vision problem [n = 74 (32%)] were more likely to be classified with a migraine diagnosis (20 vs. 8%, p = 0.009) and reported more arm pain/discomfort (68 vs. 49%, p = 0.007) compared with adolescents with normal vision. Adolescents classified with migraine more often had an untreated vision problem due to reduced binocular vision (37 vs. 16%, p = 0.008), reduced accommodation amplitude (15 vs. 2%, p = 0.009) and reduced near point of convergence (19 vs. 2%, p < 0.001), compared with adolescents without a migraine diagnosis. Adolescents who reported arm pain/discomfort more often had reduced near point of convergence (12 vs. 3%, p = 0.02), compared with adolescents without arm pain/discomfort.
conclusionsThe results of this study indicate an association between migraine characteristics, upper body musculoskeletal pain and reduced near visual function. However, as the study design prevents causal interpretation, further research is needed. A comprehensive eye examination may offer significant benefits and should be considered an integral part of the management strategy for patients with headaches.
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