Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42693113›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Non-invasive characterization of perivascular subarachnoid spaces.

Nina E Fultz, Geir Ringstad, Madda Debiasi, Emiel C A Roefs, Siri Fløgstad Svensson, Per Kristian Eide, Marianne A A van Walderveen, Jeroen de Bresser, Matthias J P van Osch, Lydiane Hirschler

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nina E FultzC.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2842-8247
Geir RingstadInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-4510
Madda DebiasiC.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1096-0819
Emiel C A RoefsC.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-9826
Siri Fløgstad SvenssonK.G. Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Per Kristian EideInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6881-9280
Marianne A A van WalderveenC.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Jeroen de BresserC.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0759-8407
Matthias J P van Osch *C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. M.J.P.van_Osch@lumc.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7034-8959
Lydiane Hirschler *C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. l.hirschler@lumc.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-0861

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to facilitate brain waste clearance and immune surveillance, yet its compartmentalization remains unclear. Previous work, using invasive dynamic intrathecal MRI contrast imaging, identified a perivascular subarachnoid space (PVSAS) that enhances along the major cerebral arteries with a 'donut'-like appearance. These findings suggest that the PVSAS may be separated from the surrounding broader subarachnoid space (SAS) by a semipermeable perivascular membrane. To investigate if the PVSAS could be observed non-invasively in healthy controls, we used a magnetic resonance imaging technique, CSF-STREAM (CSF-Selective T

Indexed as

Cerebrospinal FluidGlymphatic SystemMagnetic Resonance ImagingSubarachnoid SpaceBrainFemaleHumansMale

Identifiers

PMID42693113
PMCPMC13542271

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.