Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42692790›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of spine surgery2026

Intradiscal

Vance Gardner, Jon White, Gerald Alexander, Jeffrey Deckey, Casey Slattery, Romina Nablee, Carlos A Prietto, Sherry Etoch, Laura Tucker, Roman Rahmani and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of spine surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Vance GardnerDepartment of Research, Hoag Orthopedics, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jon WhiteDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Irvine, CA, USA.
Gerald AlexanderDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jeffrey DeckeyDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Irvine, CA, USA.
Casey SlatteryDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Irvine, CA, USA.
Romina NableeResearchDx, Irvine, CA, USA.
Carlos A PriettoDepartment of Research, Hoag Orthopedics, Irvine, CA, USA.
Sherry EtochDepartment of Microbiology, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA, USA.
Laura TuckerDepartment of Microbiology, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, CA, USA.
Roman RahmaniDepartment of Research, Hoag Orthopedics, Irvine, CA, USA.
Brian MontesDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Irvine, CA, USA.
Edward QuilliganDepartment of Research, Hoag Orthopedics, Irvine, CA, USA.
Ryan HelberDepartment of Research, Hoag Orthopedics, Irvine, CA, USA.
Kalyn SmithDepartment of Research, Hoag Orthopedics, Irvine, CA, USA Kalyn.Smith@hoagorthopedics.org.
Alisha ChenDepartment of Research, Hoag Orthopedics, Irvine, CA, USA.
Ashley UngOrthopaedic Specialty Institute, Irvine, CA, USA.
Kenna StoneDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jeremy SmithDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Irvine, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background

methodsThis prospective cohort registry study included 29 patients (53 discs: 28 cervical, 25 lumbar) undergoing discectomy. Prior to discectomy, deep tissue was irrigated with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate (Irrisept) to suppress dermal-origin organisms. Following discectomy and before device implantation, a sterile swab was inserted into the disc space. Swabs were divided for 21-day anaerobic culture with semiquantitative grading and 16S rRNA qPCR (positivity threshold >1.04 copies/reaction). Cohen kappa, McNemar test, and Clopper-Pearson exact 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

resultsOverall disc-level prevalence was 43.4% (23/53; 95% CI: 29.8%-57.7%) by culture and 54.7% (29/53; 95% CI: 40.4%-68.4%) by qPCR. Cervical discs demonstrated significantly higher culture positivity than lumbar discs (71.4% vs 12.0%;

conclusionsCLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first report of disc-space swab analysis for intradiscal LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3:

Indexed as

anaerobic culturechlorhexidine gluconateconcordanceCutibacterium acnesdisc-space swabintervertebral discqPCR

Identifiers

PMID42692790
PMCPMC13670965

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.