ArticleCureus2026
A Comparative Evaluation of the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Nickel-Titanium Rotary File Systems in a Simulated Curved Canal: An In Vitro Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionNickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments have significantly improved the efficiency and predictability of root canal preparation because of their superior flexibility and shape-memory characteristics. Despite these advantages, unexpected instrument separation caused by cyclic fatigue remains a major clinical concern, particularly during instrumentation of curved root canals. Continuous advancements in heat treatment and instrument design have led to the introduction of newer rotary systems with improved mechanical properties. However, comparative evidence regarding their cyclic fatigue resistance remains limited. This study aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of three NiTi rotary file systems in a standardized simulated curved canal under in vitro conditions.
methodsAn in vitro study was conducted using 60 new NiTi rotary files equally allocated into three groups (n = 20): GenEndo, Orodeka Plex, and ProTaper Gold. All instruments were tested in a custom-fabricated stainless steel artificial canal with a standardized curvature under continuous rotation using manufacturer-recommended speed and torque settings. The time to fracture was recorded using a digital stopwatch, and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was calculated. Representative fractured specimens were qualitatively examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
resultsProTaper Gold demonstrated the longest mean time to fracture (806.80 ± 58.65 seconds), followed by Orodeka Plex (514.65 ± 51.56 seconds) and GenEndo (406.80 ± 66.02 seconds). Orodeka Plex exhibited the highest mean NCF (4153.25 ± 421.74), followed by ProTaper Gold (3962.40 ± 297.80) and GenEndo (2619.20 ± 437.56). One-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences among the three rotary systems for both the time to fracture and NCF (p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis demonstrated significant pairwise differences in time to fracture among all groups, whereas Orodeka Plex and ProTaper Gold showed comparable NCF values (p = 0.278). SEM examination revealed characteristic cyclic fatigue fracture features, including crack initiation zones, fatigue striations, and overload regions, in all tested instruments.
conclusionThe tested rotary file systems exhibited significantly different cyclic fatigue behaviors under standardized laboratory conditions. ProTaper Gold demonstrated the greatest resistance in terms of fracture time, whereas Orodeka Plex achieved the highest NCF. GenEndo showed a comparatively lower fatigue resistance. Instrument metallurgy, heat treatment, rotational speed, and geometric design appear to play important roles in determining the fatigue performance of NiTi rotary instruments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.