ArticleJournal of dental sciences2026
The study of individuals' preferences for smile aesthetics in frontal, oblique, and lateral view images.
Article in Journal of dental sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background/purpose: Smile aesthetics play a central role in facial attractiveness and often influence patients' expectations in orthodontic treatment. The study aimed to determine individuals' preferences for smile aesthetics in frontal, oblique, and lateral view images and to compare the preferences of general population (laypeople) and dentists. Materials and methods: There were 19 variables of smile photographs were designed respectively in frontal view (8), oblique view (4), and lateral view (7). Each variable was created based on previous studies and standard deviation values using Adobe Photoshop (version CS6) to produce five images, resulting in 95 images in total. Taiwanese laypeople, general dentists, and orthodontists completed an online questionnaire evaluating these images. Statistical analysis included Pearson chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results: This study included 773 participants, comprising 412 women and 361 men. The participants' mean age was 20-40 years. The sample comprised 351 laypeople, 188 general dentists, and 63 orthodontists. Their preferences for the smile aesthetics were strongly influenced by identity, age, and gender, with identity having the greatest influence. The chi-square test revealed differences in preferences between gender and identity subgroups. Preferences for arc ratio, posterior tooth visibility, and maxillary and mandibular tooth exposure varied among the frontal, oblique, and lateral view images. A customized smile chart was designed based on the participants' preferences for smile aesthetics to provide a reference for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Conclusion: Identity, gender, and age strongly influenced smile perceptions, with identity having the strongest impact. Accordingly, we propose that the most beautiful smile is one that achieves the greatest consensus in terms of individuals' preferences for smile aesthetics while maintaining normal physiological function and form.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.