ArticleJournal of dental sciences2026
Human papillomavirus-related oral lesions in people with HIV: A 20-year multinational cohort analysis.
Article in Journal of dental sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Background/purpose: People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) are at increased risk of acquiring human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and subsequently developing HPV-related lesions. We aimed to determine the prevalence and strength of association between HPV-related oral lesions and HIV infection, using a large, real-world dataset. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort used 20 years of de-identified electronic health records from TriNetX (109 organizations, 24 countries). Adults ≥18 years with HIV (ICD-10 B20, LOINC antibodies 7917-8/7918-6, RNA 25835-0) were compared age and sex matched people without HIV. We quantified prevalence and associations for HPV-related benign lesions (papilloma, verruca, epithelial hyperplasia, condyloma) and malignant oropharyngeal cancer (tonsil/base of tongue; ICD-O). Analyses excluded pre-study lesions, assessed oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) after HIV diagnosis, and examined smoking effects within PWH. Results: In 253,847 PWH, condyloma (8.73 %) was most common, followed by verruca vulgaris (4.39 %), oral papilloma (2.63 %), epithelial hyperplasia (0.10 %), and HPV-OPSCC (0.26 %). All lesions were significantly more frequent than in people without HIV controls. OPSCC prevalence was 0.19 % in non-smokers, higher with smoking (0.26 %; odds ratio = 1.77). Elevated odds for OPSCC persisted in non-smokers, underscoring increased HPV-OPSCC disease risk in PWH regardless of tobacco exposure. Conclusion: PWH face increased susceptibility to HPV-related oral lesions, particularly benign variants and OPSCC, with smoking further amplifying this risk. Despite the relatively low prevalence of OPSCC, there remains a critical need for targeted HIV care-including routine oral examinations, HPV vaccination, smoking cessation support, and advanced diagnostic approaches-to enable precise, evidence-based prevention strategies.
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