ReviewHealth science reports2026
Efficacy of Probiotic Supplementation for Preventing Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections: A GRADE-Based Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.
Review in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Probiotic supplementation has been proposed as a non-antibiotic strategy for preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children, but its efficacy remains uncertain. We evaluated the effects of probiotic supplementation on pediatric UTI incidence or recurrence, explored potential dose-response relationships, and assessed the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA 2020. Electronic databases were searched from January 1, 1990, through June 5, 2025, without language restrictions. Thirteen randomized controlled trials involving 3129 participants were included. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup and dose-response analyses were exploratory, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. Results: Probiotic supplementation was associated with a modest reduction in the overall risk of UTI incidence or recurrence (RR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.99; Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation may be associated with a small reduction in pediatric UTI risk, but substantial clinical and statistical heterogeneity and low-certainty evidence limit confidence in the pooled estimate. The apparent association with lower UTI recurrence should be interpreted cautiously, and the evidence does not establish an optimal probiotic dose or equivalent efficacy across strains and formulations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.