Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42688240›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

The spatial landscape of the peritumoral interface: ARG1

Shengqi Zhang, Jiaye Xu, Chunyu Zhang, Xuefen Li, Diancan Wang, Xiangjun Li, Chuanbin Guo, Lin Wang

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Shengqi ZhangDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Jiaye XuDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Chunyu ZhangDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Oral Health, Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Xuefen LiPeking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China.
Diancan WangDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Xiangjun LiDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Oral Health, Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Chuanbin GuoDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Lin WangDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Predicting occult lymph node metastasis in early-stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma remains a clinical challenge because traditional markers, such as depth of invasion, exhibit limited accuracy. This study aimed to identify spatial immunological biomarkers to improve risk stratification and clinical decision-making. Methods: Olink proteomic profiling was conducted to screen for metastasis-associated biomarkers. Subsequently, multiplex immunofluorescence coupled with artificial intelligence-powered spatial analysis was utilized to evaluate the microenvironment in primary lesions and paired cervical lymph nodes. A novel "Spatial Availability Index" was applied to map cellular distribution, and diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Arginase-1 (ARG1) was identified as a top candidate biomarker, exhibiting a unique "tissue-low, serum-high" expression pattern in cases with occult metastasis. Spatial analysis revealed a significant depletion of ARG1 Conclusions: Early metastatic risk is driven by localized alterations within the myeloid compartment, characterized by the transition of intact ARG1

Indexed as

ArginaseCarcinoma, Squamous CellExtracellular TrapsMyeloid-Derived Suppressor CellsTongue NeoplasmsBiomarkers, TumorFemaleHumansLymphatic MetastasisLymph NodesMaleNeutrophilsTumor MicroenvironmentARG1 protein, humanArginaseBiomarkers, TumorArginase-1neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)occult metastasisPMN-MDSCsspatial immunologytongue squamous cell carcinoma

Identifiers

PMID42688240
PMCPMC13534108

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.