ArticleFrontiers in surgery2026
An internally validated nomogram for predicting impaired wound healing after calcaneal fracture surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes Mellitus.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Impaired wound healing remains a major complication following calcaneal fracture surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet reliable tools for individualized risk prediction are lacking. Methods: Of 553 T2DM patients screened, 360 were eligible and randomly allocated to a training set ( Results: The final model incorporated five predictors: HbA1c, insulin use, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, C-reactive protein, and platelet count. In the training set, the nomogram achieved an apparent AUC of 0.886 (95% CI: 0.846-0.925),with an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.875 (optimism estimate = 0.011). In the internal validation set, the AUC was 0.891 (95% CI: 0.789-0.965). The model showed favorable calibration in the training set [Brier score = 0.113 (95% CI: 0.088-0.140); Hosmer-Lemeshow test, Conclusion: The internally validated nomogram provides a promising tool for risk stratification of postoperative wound complications in T2DM patients with calcaneal fractures. The model is exploratory and limited to internal validation; external validation in multicenter cohorts is required before routine clinical adoption.
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