Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42688175›Full record

ArticleNature photonics2026

Correlated electrons extend X-ray high-harmonic generation beyond the single-electron limit.

Siyang Wang, Jieyu Yan, Alba de Las Heras, Sirius Song, Aleksander Prodanov, Zhihan Wu, Luis Plaja, Dimitar Popmintchev, Tenio Popmintchev

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature photonics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Siyang WangDepartment of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2583-7061
Jieyu YanDepartment of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA.ORCID 0009-0000-1034-3558
Alba de Las HerasDepartamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9065-9076
Sirius SongDepartment of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA.
Aleksander ProdanovDepartment of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA.
Zhihan WuDepartment of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA.
Luis PlajaDepartamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Dimitar PopmintchevPhotonics Institute, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-8203-4703
Tenio PopmintchevDepartment of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2023-2226

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High-harmonic generation underpins attosecond science. For over three decades, high-harmonic upconversion has been framed within the confines of a single-active-electron light-matter interaction featuring a well-defined cutoff photon energy. Here we demonstrate experimentally that correlated electrons can propel high-harmonic emission beyond this single-active-electron limit, markedly increasing the generated photon energies. We observe a weak secondary plateau that extends the conventional cutoff beyond 120 eV up to the water window at 280 eV. This phenomenon arises from double-electron recombination of strongly correlated electron pairs, resulting in a new cutoff scaling of up to 5.5 times the ponderomotive energy of the rescattering electrons, which notably deviates from the conventional scaling factor of 3.2. These findings reshape our fundamental understanding of the high-harmonic upconversion process and position high-harmonic generation as a potent photonic probe of attosecond-to-femtosecond electron correlations in quantum systems, opening new pathways for advanced ultrafast spectroscopy, novel attosecond source development and the exploration of strongly correlated quantum materials.

Indexed as

Attosecond scienceHigh-harmonic generationQuantum optics

Identifiers

PMID42688175
PMCPMC13533847

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.