ReviewFrontiers in immunology2026
From peripheral blood to tumor microenvironment: spatial dimension deficiency and paradigm reconstruction in immunotherapy biomarker research.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Immunotherapy biomarker research has long relied on peripheral blood as the main sample source. However, significant spatial heterogeneity exists between peripheral blood and the tumor microenvironment (TME). This perspective article proposes that the core limitation of current biomarker studies is not throughput or omics technology, but rather the incomplete integration of spatial information. We scrutinize the phenomenon of "spatial decoupling" between peripheral blood and the TME in terms of immune composition, dynamic responses, and clinical predictive performance. It is evident that blood-based biomarkers cannot adequately capture the key events within the TME that determine treatment efficacy. To address this gap, we propose three pathways for paradigm reconstruction: spatially resolved
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