ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Development and field validation of a large-volume bag-based whole-blood collection method in donor dairy cows.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Obtaining sterile anticoagulated whole-blood units is a key prerequisite for downstream laboratory and clinical applications involving blood-derived products. In bovine medicine, however, published information on blood collection into bags is mainly embedded in transfusion-oriented references or broader downstream studies, while formal validation of donor-oriented collection methods remains limited. The aim of this study was to develop and field-validate a large-volume bag-based method for whole-blood collection in donor dairy cows under commercial farm conditions. Whole-blood collections were performed in clinically healthy donor dairy cows using a jugular venipuncture protocol that was progressively refined during field validation. A true sequential multi-bag setup, enabled by extension tubing and a perforable connection device, was introduced on 24 October 2022. Protocol validation was based primarily on procedural success, defined as a bacteriologically negative blood unit with a collected volume of at least 400 mL per bag. A total of 294 procedures were included. Overall, 228/294 procedures (77.6%) were classified as successful, 48/294 (16.3%) as suboptimal, and 18/294 (6.1%) as failed. The median collected volume per procedure was 410 mL (IQR 400-430; range 124.5-1,280 mL). Overall, 276/294 collections (93.9%) were bacteriologically negative. Within the single-bag phase, later collection dates were associated with a lower probability of bacteriological positivity, supporting a learning-curve effect on microbiological reliability. Later implementation of the sequential multi-bag setup was associated with a higher total volume per procedure, without an apparent loss of microbiological safety. In conclusion, this large-volume bag-based protocol proved feasible for whole-blood collection in donor dairy cows under field conditions and may provide a practical upstream basis for subsequent laboratory applications and downstream processing workflows.
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