ArticleResearch square2026
Genomic dimensions deconstruct the clinical heterogeneity of bipolar disorder.
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Tracey van der VeenDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0009-0001-5159-1387
Markos TesfayeDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Jessica Mei Kay YangCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Toni BoltzStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Friederike S DavidInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Shane CrinionCentre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Maria KorominaDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Till F M AndlauerGlobal Computational Biology and Data Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
Tim B BigdeliDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Brandon J CoombesDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Tiffany A GreenwoodDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Georgia PanagiotaropoulouDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Nadine ParkerNORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Heejong SungHuman Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, US Dept of HHS, Bethesda MD USA.
Nicholas BassDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
Jonathan R I ColemanSocial, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
José Guzman-ParraMental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
Janos L KalmanInstitute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Caroline C McGroutherNew York University, New York, NY, USA.
Brittany L MitchellBrain and Mental Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Aaditya V RanganNew York University, New York, NY, USA.
Katie ScottDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Alexey ShadrinNORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Daniel J SmithDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Annabel VreekerDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children Hospital, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Kristina AdorjanInstitute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Diego AlbaniDepartment of Neuroscience, Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy.
Silvia AlemanyInstituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Ney Alliey-RodriguezDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Anastasia AntoniouNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Michael BauerDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Eva C BeinsInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Marco P BoksPsychiatry, Brain Center UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Rosa BoschInstituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Ben M BrumptonK. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Nathalie Brunkhorst-KanaanDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Monika BuddeInstitute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
William ByerleyPsychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Judit Cabana-DomínguezInstituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Murray J CairnsSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Bernardo CarpinielloSection of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
Miquel CasasPrograma SJD MIND Escoles, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
Pablo CervantesDepartment of Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Program, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Chris ChatzinakosDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Toni-Kim ClarkeDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Isabelle ClausInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Cristiana CruceanuDepartment of Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Program, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Alfredo Cuellar-BarbozaDepartment of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.
Piotr M CzerskiDepartment of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Konstantinos DafnasNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Anders M DaleCenter for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Departments of Neurosciences, Radiology, and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nina DalknerMedical University of Graz, Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, Austria.
J Raymond DePauloDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Franziska DegenhardtInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Srdjan DjurovicDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Valentina Escott-PriceCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Ayman H FanousDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Frederike T FellendorfMedical University of Graz, Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, Austria.
I Nicol FerrierAcademic Psychiatry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Liz FortyCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Josef FrankDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Oleksandr FreiNORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Nelson B FreimerCenter for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Julie GarnhamDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Ian R GizerDepartment of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Scott D GordonGenetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Katherine Gordon-SmithPsychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK.
Tim HahnInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Marian L HamshereCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Arvid HarderDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Martin HautzingerDepartment of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.
Urs HeilbronnerInstitute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Dennis HellgrenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Stefan HermsInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Ian B HickieBrain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Per HoffmannInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Peter A HolmansCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Stéphane JamainUniv Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Créteil, France.
Lina JonssonInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
James L KennedyCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sarah Kittel-SchneiderDepartment of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
James A KnowlesHuman Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Elise KochNORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Manolis KogevinasISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
Thorsten M KranzDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Steven A KushnerDepartment of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Catharina LavebrattTranslational Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jacob LawrencePsychiatry, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Ilford, UK.
Markus LeberClinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Penelope A LindBrain and Mental Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Susanne LucaeDepartment of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Martin LundbergTranslational Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Donald J MacIntyreDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Wolfgang MaierDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Adam X MaihoferDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Dolores MalaspinaDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Mirko ManchiaSection of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
Eirini MaratouNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Lina MartinssonDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Melvin G McInnisDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
James D McKayGenetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Helena MedeirosInstitute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
Andreas Meyer-LindenbergDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Vincent MillischerTranslational Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Derek W MorrisCentre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Paraskevi MoutsatsouNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Thomas W MühleisenDepartment of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Claire O'DonovanDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Catherine M OlsenPopulation Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Sergi PapiolInstitute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Antonio F PardiñasCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Amy PerryPsychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK.
Andrea PfennigDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Claudia PisanuDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
James B PotashDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Digby QuestedOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Mark H RapaportDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Eline J RegeerOutpatient Clinic for Bipolar Disorder, Altrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
John P RiceDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
Margarita RiveraDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Eva C SchulteInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Fanny SennerInstitute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Paul D ShillingDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Lisa SindermannInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Lea SirignanoDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Dan SiskindFaculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Claire SlaneyDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Olav B SmelandNORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Janet L SobellPsychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Maria Soler ArtigasInstituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Dan J SteinSAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Frederike SteinDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Beata SwiatkowskaDepartment of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
Jackson G ThorpBrain and Mental Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Claudio TomaNeuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Leonardo TondoDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Paul A TooneySchool of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Marquis P VawterDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Helmut VedderPsychiatry, Psychiatrisches Zentrum Nordbaden, Wiesloch, Germany.
James T R WaltersCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Stephanie H WittDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Allan H YoungDepartment of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Peter P ZandiDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lea ZillichDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Estonian Biobank research team
Genomic Psychiatry Cohort (GPC) Investigators
HUNT All-In Psychiatry
Rolf AdolfssonDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University Medical Faculty, Umeå, Sweden.
Lars AlfredssonInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lena BacklundTranslational Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Bernhard T BauneDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Frank BellivierUniversité Paris Cité, INSERM, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, UMRS-1144, Paris, France.
Susanne BengesserMedical University of Graz, Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, Austria.
Wade H BerrettiniPsychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Joanna M BiernackaDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Douglas BlackwoodDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Michael BoehnkeCenter for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Gerome BreenNIHR Maudsley BRC, King's College London, London, UK.
Vaughan J CarrDiscipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Stanley CattsUniversity of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Sven CichonInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Aiden CorvinNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Dept of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Nicholas CraddockCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Udo DannlowskiInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Dimitris DikeosNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Tõnu EskoEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Bruno EtainUniversité Paris Cité, INSERM, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, UMRS-1144, Paris, France.
Panagiotis FerentinosNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Mark FryeDepartment of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Janice M FullertonNeuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Micha GawlikDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Elliot S GershonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Fernando S GoesDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Melissa J GreenNeuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Joanna HauserDepartment of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Frans A HenskensSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Jens Hjerling-LefflerDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ian JonesCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Lisa A JonesPsychological Medicine, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK.
René S KahnDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
John R KelsoeDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Tilo KircherDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
George KirovCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Nene KobayashiDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Mikael LandénDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Marion LeboyerUniv Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, Créteil, France.
Melanie LengerMedical University of Graz, Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, Austria.
Qingqin S LiNeuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA.
Jolanta LissowskaCancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
Carmel LoughlandUniversity of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Jurjen J LuykxDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nicholas G MartinGenetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Carol A MathewsDepartment of Psychiatry and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Fermin MayoralMental Health Department, University Regional Hospital, Biomedicine Institute (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.
Susan L McElroyResearch Institute, Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA.
Andrew M McIntoshDivision of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Sarah E MedlandBrain and Mental Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Ingrid MelleNORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Philip B MitchellDiscipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Gunnar MorkenDepartment of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Richard M MyersHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
Chiara MöserDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Bertram Müller-MyhsokDepartment of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
Benjamin M NealeMedical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Caroline M NievergeltDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
John I NurnbergerPsychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Markus M NöthenInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Michael C O'DonovanCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Ketil J OedegaardDivision of Psychiatry, Haukeland Universitetssjukehus, Bergen, Norway.
Tomas OlssonDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
Michael J OwenCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Sara A PacigaHuman Genetics and Computational Biomedicine, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA.
Christos PantelisThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
Carlos N PatoRutgers Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Michele T PatoRutgers Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
George P PatrinosUniversity of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Patras, Greece.
Joanna M PawlakDepartment of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Roy PerlisDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Josep Antoni Ramos-QuirogaInstituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Andreas ReifDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Eva Z ReininghausMedical University of Graz, Division of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Graz, Austria.
Marta RibasésInstituto de Salud Carlos III, Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
Marcella RietschelDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Stephan RipkeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Guy A RouleauDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Ulrich SchallCentre for Brain and Mental Health Research, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Martin SchallingTranslational Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Peter R SchofieldNeuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Thomas G SchulzeInstitute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Laura J ScottCenter for Statistical Genetics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Rodney J ScottThe School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Alessandro SerrettiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.
Jordan W SmollerStanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Alessio SquassinaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
Eli A StahlDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Eystein StordalDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Namsos, Namsos, Norway.
Fabian StreitDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Patrick F SullivanDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Gustavo TureckiDepartment of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Arne E VaalerDept of Psychiatry, Sankt Olavs Hospital Universitetssykehuset i Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.
Eduard VietaClinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
John B VincentCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Irwin D WaldmanDepartment of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Cynthia S WeickertNeuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Thomas W WeickertNeuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
David C WhitemanPopulation Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Martin AldaDepartment of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Roel A OphoffDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Kevin S O'ConnellNORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Niamh MullinsDepartment of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Andreas J ForstnerInstitute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Maria Grigoroiu-SerbanescuBiometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
Howard J EdenbergDepartment of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Francis J McMahonHuman Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, US Dept of HHS, Bethesda MD USA.
Ole A AndreassenNORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Arianna Di FlorioCentre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Andrew McQuillinDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
Funding
1/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Finding actionable variationU01MH109528 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2016 to 2020
$2.5M3/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Advancing Discovery and ImpactR01MH124839 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI ANDREASSEN, OLE A, HUCKINS, LAURA MARIANNE · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M1/4 Psychiatric GWAS Consortium: Genomic Follow-up Next-Gen Sequencing & GenotypiU01MH094421 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2012 to 2015
$1.9M1/5-The Psychiatric GWAS Consortium: Integrated & Coordinated GWAS Meta-AnalysesU01MH085520 · NIMH · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI SULLIVAN, PATRICK F · 2008 to 2008
$642kNIMH NIH HHS R01 MH124839NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH085520NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH094421NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH109528
Abstract
Bipolar disorder's (BD) clinical heterogeneity has an unresolved genetic basis. We meta-analyzed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 16 BD subphenotypes in 226,032 individuals from 57 cohorts (38,022 cases); 10 advanced to multivariate and multi-trait analyses. Four factors (compulsive, psychotic, dysregulated, internalizing) explained 82.8% of shared genetic variance. BD1 and BD2 loaded on distinct factors despite a high genetic correlation; 87.0% of common-factor loci were significant in neither subtype. Unipolar mania aligned with psychosis over internalizing, and was distinguishable from BD1, and rapid cycling showed heritable cross-domain liability. We identified 356 risk loci, 158 novel, including the first univariate-GWAS associations for psychosis, unipolar mania, rapid cycling and schizoaffective disorder-and 249 credible genes (89 high-confidence), 12 with approved-drug or clinical-phase annotations. Cell-type association showed a midbrain dopaminergic-GABAergic gradient along the psychotic factor. BD's genetic architecture appears hierarchical-a general liability resolving into dimensions of course and comorbidity, beyond subtypes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.