Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42686898›Full record

ArticleNature2026

Somatic mutations reveal the ontogeny of microglia in human ageing.

Julia A Belk, Yaowen Zhang, Emily E Reilly, Quanming Shi, Daniel Dan Liu, Nicole Womack-Gambrel, Maarten van der Linde, Lisa Ma, Debasmita Paul, Alejandro Medina Enciso and 36 more

Abstract read

PubMed Publisher

In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

2citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

Somatic mosaicism in the brain: linking development, ageing and neurodegeneration.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026
Review
CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy: experimental models and potential for treatment.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

Update of
Somatic mutations reveal the ontogeny of human microglia.2026

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

46 authors.

Julia A BelkDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. jbelk@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-6158

Yaowen ZhangDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Emily E ReillyDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-6717-6849

Quanming ShiDepartment of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Daniel Dan LiuDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0100-5973

Nicole Womack-GambrelInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Maarten van der LindeDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-6580-5137

Lisa MaDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Debasmita PaulDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Alejandro Medina EncisoDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1205-0741

Raja KalluruDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Jacob WeissDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Rui LiDepartment of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Anna E EastmanInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1455-291X

Chunfang ZhuDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Arnav ChakravarthyDepartment of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4027-6602

Syed BukhariDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Dipabarna BhattacharyaDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Suyash RajInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0686-8201

Daniel RichardDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Simone BrioschiDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.

Matthew R ChrostekDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Daniel C NachunDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Christopher M ArendsDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Jayakrishnan GopakumarDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3895-8188

Isak W TengesdalDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Ademar BynumDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Shaneice MitchellDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9297-781X

Katalin SandorDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Wenxi ZhangDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Badri N VardarajanTaub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5560-4085

Inma CobosDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2043-1890

Donald E BornDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Robert B WestDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Anne BrunetDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Marco ColonnaDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-4987

Krishna L BharaniDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Hannes VogelDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Thomas J MontineDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1346-2728

Caitlin S LatimerDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Irving L WeissmanDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9077-7467

Magdalena MatusiakDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8201-1621

Jody E HooperDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-3559

C Dirk KeeneDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-1469

Howard Y ChangDepartment of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. howchang@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9459-4393

Siddhartha JaiswalDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. sjaiswal@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-0477

Funding

Clonal Hematopoiesis Aging Resiliency MechanismsR01AG088657 · NIA · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Alexander Bick, Siddhartha Jaiswal · 2024 to 2026

$6.6M

Uncovering mechanisms of protection from Alzheimer's disease in CHIP using human cohorts and biosamplesR01AG088656 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Sean Curtis Bendall, Siddhartha Jaiswal · 2024 to 2026

$4.3M

Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and diseaseDP2HL157540 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JAISWAL, SIDDHARTHA · 2020 to 2020

$2.4M

NHLBI NIH HHS DP2 HL157540NIA NIH HHS R01 AG088656NIA NIH HHS R01 AG088657

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system

Identifiers

PMID42686898

DOI10.1038/s41588-023-01555-z

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.