Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42686789›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Morpho-electrochemical behavior of particulate Zn electrodes revealed by X-ray and neutron tomography.

Benedetto Bozzini, Francesco Casamichiela, Elisa Emanuele, Andrea Favalli, Riccardo Ferretti, Marc Looman, Andrea Pola, Nicola Sodini, Jacopo Strada, Stefano Vaccaro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Benedetto BozziniDepartment of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Lambruschini 4, 20156, Milano, Italy.
Francesco CasamichielaDepartment of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Lambruschini 4, 20156, Milano, Italy.
Elisa EmanueleDepartment of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Lambruschini 4, 20156, Milano, Italy.
Andrea FavalliJoint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Via. E. Fermi, 21027, Ispra, Italy.
Riccardo FerrettiDepartment of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Lambruschini 4, 20156, Milano, Italy. riccardo.ferretti@ec.europa.eu.
Marc LoomanJoint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Via. E. Fermi, 21027, Ispra, Italy.
Andrea PolaDepartment of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Lambruschini 4, 20156, Milano, Italy.
Nicola SodiniElettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
Jacopo StradaDepartment of Chemistry, Materials and Chemistry Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy.
Stefano VaccaroJoint Research Centre (JRC), European Commission, Via. E. Fermi, 21027, Ispra, Italy.

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council ZnOrgBat project (No. 23034) under the EIT RawMaterials initiativeNextGenerationEU PNRR - Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.4 - D.D. 1033 17/06/2022, CN00000023
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aqueous rechargeable Zn-based batteries are gaining attention for their sustainability, safety, and cost-effectiveness; however, no industrially viable solutions are yet available, due to the synergistic issues of passivation and shape change. In particular, flow batteries with particulate Zn anodes are attractive for long-term stationary storage, at the cost of additional morpho-chemical processes involving the Zn particle bed and the interparticle space (IPS). Thus, the understanding of this system requires space-dependent information about the arrangement, dimensions, and chemical states of Zn and its discharge products. To this aim, we employ dual-probe chemically sensitive X-ray and thermal neutron tomography and radiography. Specifically, we analyzed an in situ anode in both pristine and discharged states, and we followed its self-discharge process in operando. In situ X-ray tomography reveals the advancement of Zn particle consumption and IPS development. In situ neutron tomography shows the formation and distribution of hydroxides. In operando, neutron radiography gives access to hydrogen bubble formation and dynamics. This first-of-its-kind analysis provides crucial insights, directly informing anode design strategies. Our findings contribute to paving the way for next-generation Zn flow batteries with improved efficiency and longevity.

Identifiers

PMID42686789
PMCPMC13538399

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.