ArticleNature communications2026
Programmable hydrodynamics of active particles.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Self-propelled microparticles create flow fields that determine how they interact with surfaces, external flows, and each other. These flow fields fall into distinct classes-pushers, pullers, and neutral swimmers-each exhibiting fundamentally different collective behaviors. In all existing synthetic systems, this hydrodynamic character is permanently set during fabrication. Here we demonstrate that the hydrodynamic identity of microswimmers can be programmed and switched on demand. Using patterned laser heating of surface-bound nanoparticles, we create tailored temperature gradients that drive controllable boundary flows. Real-time illumination control transforms the swimmer's flow field from pusher to puller during motion. Flow measurements confirm quantitative agreement with theory and track changes in power consumption and efficiency across modes. This control over hydrodynamic modes provides an experimental platform to explore active matter behavior under external physical constraints, including adaptive swimmer responses to crowding or confinement and the emergence of collective states from tunable pusher-puller mixtures.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.