ReviewDiscover nano2026
NIR-II conjugated polymers for tumor sonodynamic therapy.
Review in Discover nano, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) utilizes ultrasound to activate sonosensitive agents, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within tumor cells to induce oxidative damage. The advantages of ultrasound, such as deep tissue penetration, non-invasiveness, and spatial controllability, make it a promising candidate for cancer treatment. However, its practical application is still limited by factors such as low in vivo delivery efficiency, tumor hypoxia and antioxidant defense mechanisms, insufficient conversion of immunogenic cell death into durable anti-tumor immunity, and the lack of standardized ultrasound parameters, ROS quantification, and material quality control. Near-infrared II (NIR-II) conjugated polymers offer a promising platform because their tunable π-conjugated backbone, stable nano-assembly structure, organic composition, and modular design allow for the integration of imaging, ultrasound-triggered ROS generation, drug delivery, and immune microenvironment modulation into a single system. This article reviews recent research progress in NIR-II conjugated polymer SDT for cancer treatment. First, the physicochemical mechanisms, ROS generation pathways, and validation methods of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) are discussed, and conjugated polymers are compared with traditional small molecule and inorganic/semiconductor sonosensitive agents. This paper analyzes the significance of near-infrared II (NIR-II) imaging for surgical drug delivery (SDT) in terms of drug tracing, tumor localization, and therapeutic window. It further discusses the molecular design, aggregation state regulation, degradability, nanoassembly, delivery, and translational applications of organic conjugated polymer materials. Tumor-related barriers, including hypoxia, delivery obstacles, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and metabolic disorders, are then analyzed, and representative combined therapy strategies involving oxygen supply, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, myeloid cell remodeling, and matrix modulation are summarized. Finally, the challenges faced by materials in NIR-II signal quantification, ROS validation, long-term biosafety, ultrasound dosimetry, and clinical translation are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.