Trial reportJMIR formative research2026
Feasibility of Self-Directed Learning of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skills Using Interactive Video in SimZone 0: Pilot Randomized Educational Trial.
Trial report in JMIR formative research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The SimZones model is an organizational framework for simulation-based education that structures learning across 5 progressive zones, from self-directed preparatory activities (zone 0) to team-based clinical scenarios (zones 1-4). However, empirical evidence on the impact of zone 0 regarding procedural skill acquisition and retention remains limited. Objective: The present pilot study aimed to build on this evidence gap by examining whether the addition of a structured zone 0 self-directed preparatory phase, delivered through interactive video (IV), could enhance cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) competence acquisition, skill retention, and CPR quality among nursing students when combined with conventional instructor-led zone 1 training, while also assessing the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Methods: A total of 52 nursing students from San Pablo CEU University (Madrid, Spain) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=33, SimZone 0 IV followed by SimZone 1 instructor-led seminar) or a control group (n=19, SimZone 1 instructor-led seminar only). CPR competence acquisition, skill retention, CPR quality, and feasibility were assessed immediately after zone 1 training and at 3 and 6 months. Results: In the self-directed zone 0 phase, 73% (24/33) of experimental group students achieved competence. After zone 1 training, 100% (28/28) of the experimental group achieved competence vs 84% (16/19) of the control group ( Conclusions: Self-directed IV learning as a preparatory phase before instructor-led training is feasible, acceptable, and is associated with preliminary signals of enhanced CPR skill acquisition and retention among nursing students. These findings should be interpreted with caution given the pilot nature of the study and the small sample size.
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