ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026
Primary Cilia of Astrocytes in the Retina in Development and Disease.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Defects in primary cilia and ciliary signaling are associated with an array of neurodegenerative diseases. Primary cilia are sensory organelles that transmit and regulate various cellular communication pathways, including the significant Sonic hedgehog and Wnt signal pathways. Extensive studies have shown that neuronal cilia in the central nervous system contribute to early patterning, neuronal maturation, and survival. The behavior of cilia on astrocytes in glaucoma and aging remains poorly understood. This study used rodent and human retinal astrocytes to examine primary cilia and their alteration during aging and disease. Methods: Retinal flatmounts from wild-type mice, one macaque, and two humans were immunostained for astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) and ciliary (Arl13b and gamma-tubulin) markers and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Ciliation was also assessed in models of ocular hypertension and optic nerve crush prepared in 3- and 20-month-old mice. Results: Primary cilia were found in most of the mouse retinal astrocytes (98.81% ± 4.03% in 3-month-old mice and 91.05% ± 9.95% in 20-month-old mice). Interestingly, astrocyte ciliation was significantly reduced in the peripheral retinas of the aged mice. Both human and nonhuman primate retinas expressed primary cilia in bundle-shaped and star-shaped GFAP-positive astrocytes. As a result of alterations in the primary cilia of retinal astrocytes, response processes varied in different glaucoma mouse models, including the ocular hypertension and optic nerve crush models. Conclusions: Aged and diseased mouse retinas demonstrated a novel alteration of their ciliary profile. These findings suggest the possibility that primary cilia contribute to age-associated retinal diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.