Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42683867›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association2026

A Qualitative Exploration of the Drivers of Rural Hospital Participation in a Technical Assistance Program.

Bettye A Apenteng, Carolyn Puobebe, Samuel T Opoku, Angela H Peden, Linda Kimsey, Tilicia Mayo-Gamble, Kwabena G Boakye, Charles F Owens, Andrew Hansen, William A Mase and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Bettye A ApentengDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4848-4430
Carolyn PuobebeDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1432-8333
Samuel T OpokuDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1888-5305
Angela H PedenDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.
Linda KimseyDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0917-9567
Tilicia Mayo-GambleDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9303-5266
Kwabena G BoakyeCenter for Rural and Public Health Practice and Research, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.
Charles F OwensDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4594-6508
Andrew HansenDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3658-4728
William A MaseDepartment of Health Policy and Community Health, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-2854
Jason MurdockCenter for Rural and Public Health Practice and Research, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA.

Funding

HRSA HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTechnical assistance (TA) programs can support rural hospitals in addressing ongoing operational and financial challenges. However, there is limited evidence regarding the organizational motivations, facilitators, and barriers influencing rural hospitals' decisions to participate in these programs.

objectiveThis study explored the motivations, facilitators, and barriers affecting rural hospitals' participation in TA initiatives.

methodsSecondary qualitative data were obtained from applications submitted by rural hospitals to the Targeted Technical Assistance for Rural Hospitals Program between November 2023 and September 2025. Applications included organizational profiles and open-ended responses describing motivations, anticipated barriers, and factors supporting successful participation. Data were analyzed thematically using a hybrid inductive-deductive approach guided by Braun and Clarke's framework.

resultsHospitals were motivated to seek TA to improve organizational sustainability by addressing financial challenges, enhancing clinical and operational processes, and developing their workforce. Key enablers included stakeholder buy-in, access to resources, perceived benefits of TA, strong mission orientation and community commitment, and prior TA or operational improvement experience. Commonly reported barriers involved capacity and staffing, operations, community engagement and perception, and coordination and logistics. To overcome these challenges, hospitals suggested strategies such as intentional planning and program prioritization, streamlining operational workflows to accommodate program participation, leveraging leadership support, and maintaining transparent communication with stakeholders.

conclusionRural hospitals' engagement in TA programs reflects both their resilience and desire to address systemic vulnerabilities. Tailoring support to the realities of rural healthcare is essential for enhancing hospital sustainability and maintaining access to care in underserved communities.

Indexed as

Hospitals, RuralHumansMotivationQualitative Researchbarriersfacilitatorsorganizational sustainabilityrural hospitalstechnical assistance

Identifiers

PMID42683867
PMCPMC13536929

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.