ArticleJournal of drug delivery science and technology2026
Evaluation of multi-port needles for enhanced intramuscular drug delivery via experimental and CFD models.
Article in Journal of drug delivery science and technology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Intra-muscular (IM) injection via hypodermic needle and syringe is the most common delivery method of vaccines due to the muscle tissue ability to receive large volumes, high degree of vascularization, and tolerance of needle insertion. When injections are augmented with enabling technologies such as electroporation (EP), the drug dispersion zone becomes an important consideration since it should match with the electric field generated by the EP device. Herein, we sought to modify the flow from a standard hypodermic by implementing multiple side-ports along the length of the needle. We evaluated the flow in these side-port designs using CFD simulations and experimental validation. Our results indicate that low flow rates (
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