ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Clinically Relevant Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Reactivation in People With HIV After Withdrawal of Anti-HBV-Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Japan.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: In people with HIV-1 (PWH), antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing anti-HBV drugs provides protection against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the risk of HBV infection or reactivation after switching to ART without anti-HBV activity remains unclear, particularly in settings with recent implementation of universal HBV vaccination. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of PWH who received ART regimens without anti-HBV activity between January 2005 and March 2026. HBV serological status at baseline was classified, and participants were followed during periods on ART without tenofovir, lamivudine, or emtricitabine. Incident HBV infection and HBV reactivation were defined based on serological and virological criteria. Results: A total of 166 PWH were included, with 716 person-years (PY) of follow-up. Five HBV-related events were observed. Two occurred in HBV-naïve individuals and were consistent with incident HBV infection based on seroconversion to anti-HBc and anti-HBs positivity. Two cases with isolated anti-HBc positivity were classified as suspected HBV reactivation based on marked increases in anti-HBs titers. The remaining case with isolated anti-HBc positivity was confirmed HBV reactivation. The overall incidence rate was .70 per 100 PY, increasing to 1.28 per 100 PY in anti-HBs-negative individuals. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed lower event-free survival in anti-HBs-negative individuals compared with those with anti-HBs positivity. (log-rank Conclusions: In PWH receiving ART without anti-HBV activity, the risk of HBV infection and reactivation becomes apparent, particularly among those without anti-HBs, especially those with isolated anti-HBc, in settings with limited impact of universal HBV vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.