ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Between-class variation and compositional correlates of physical fitness: a multilevel analysis of annual surveillance records from one Chinese university.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This retrospective study quantified between-class variation in university students' physical fitness and examined individual- and class-level correlates, using annual surveillance records collected from 2020 to 2024 at one public university in Sichuan Province, China. Records were nested within class-year units (a specific administrative class observed in a specific survey year). Although no psychosocial constructs were measured directly, quantifying between-class variation is a necessary first step for health-psychology research on how peer norms, motivational climate, and collective efficacy may relate to student fitness; the study is therefore hypothesis-generating rather than a test of mechanisms. A total of 106,461 de-identified records from 2,591 class-year units were analyzed (44,240 male, 62,221 female; mean age 20.67 ± 1.54 years; mean BMI 21.64 ± 3.52 kg/m
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