Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42682617›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

Parental self-efficacy, health locus of control, and preventive behaviors against respiratory infections in young children: a cross-sectional survey study.

Anna Bednarek, Marzena Laskowska, Anna Lewandowska, Anna Umińska, Iwona Bodys-Cupak

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Anna BednarekDepartment of Health Promotion Chair of Nursing Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Marzena LaskowskaDepartment of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Anna LewandowskaFaculty of Healthcare, State Academy of Applied Sciences in Jaroslaw, Jaroslaw, Poland.
Anna UmińskaUniversity Children's Hospital in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Iwona Bodys-CupakDepartment of Nursing Fundamentals, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Respiratory infections in young children are a common health problem influenced by several factors. The aim of this study was to recognition the principles of respiratory tract infection prevention in young children in the context of parents' self-efficacy and the level of health locus of control. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 parents of young children. A proprietary questionnaire and standardized scales were used: the General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSES) and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC - version A). Research material was collected online using Google Forms software. Data from 134 respondents were included in the statistical analysis. A significant correlation was found between the frequency of respiratory infections in children and their age, attendance at nursery or kindergarten, physical activity and suffering from asthma. Based on the GSES sten scores, the majority of parents (66.42%;

Indexed as

Health BehaviorInternal-External ControlParentsRespiratory Tract InfectionsSelf EfficacyAdultChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansInfantMaleSurveys and QuestionnaireschildGSES scaleinfectionsMHLC scale - version Aparentspreventionrespiratory system

Identifiers

PMID42682617
PMCPMC13529947

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.