Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42681691›Full record

ReviewBMC global and public health2026

Overcoming barriers to neurosurgical care with technology and innovation.

Jay J Park, Michael Lee, Evelyn Wong, Priya Bhanot, Audrey H Limb, Omar Ceesay, Alexandra Sakamoto, Andrew Lin, Vivek P Buch

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in BMC global and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jay J ParkSchool of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Michael LeeUniversity of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Evelyn WongSchool of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Priya BhanotIcahn School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
Audrey H LimbSchool of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Omar CeesaySchool of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Alexandra SakamotoSchool of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Andrew LinSchool of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Vivek P BuchSchool of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. vpbuch@stanford.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Technological advancements show great potential in transforming and advancing global surgery. Compared to general medicine, technology in neurosurgery has seen an explosive growth in recent years in ways that directly address accessibility. New, rapidly developing innovations pave the way for the expansion of neurosurgical care worldwide, particularly in areas with historically limited access to such facilities, personnel, clinical expertise, or financial means. Here, we present promising innovations like telemedicine, online collaborative platforms (OCPs), immersive technology (IT), and clinical artificial intelligence (AI) and their implementation in mitigating barriers to neurosurgical care. We argue how these tools enhance communications between providers and patients, streamline intraoperative workflows, and democratise access to neurosurgical education and training by reducing resource demands such as time, travel, and human labour. It is necessary, though, to identify how these technologies can be most successful in the context of global neurosurgery. In addition to reviewing these various technological avenues, we explore the nuances associated with the implementation and reported outcomes for each tool-highlighting challenges and opportunities for further innovation.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceGlobal neurosurgeryNeurosurgical educationPublic healthTelemedicineTele-proctoring

Identifiers

PMID42681691
PMCPMC13536785

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.