ReviewBiomarker research2026
Advances, challenges, and innovative strategies of CAR-T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer.
Review in Biomarker research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounting for the majority of cases and exhibiting a persistently poor prognosis. Although chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in hematological malignancies, its therapeutic efficacy in pancreatic cancer remains limited. This review summarizes recent advances in CAR-T cell therapy for pancreatic cancer, with a focus on representative tumor-associated targets, including mesothelin (MSLN), claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2), prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), CD155, CD276, growth arrest-specific protein 6 (GAS6), and glypican-1 (GPC1), while also highlighting emerging next-generation CAR-T engineering strategies, including nanobody-based antigen recognition, cytokine-armored CAR-T cells, allogeneic CAR-NKT platforms, dual-target and logic-gated CAR systems, and innovative delivery approaches. Current preclinical and early clinical evidence suggests that several targets, particularly MSLN and CLDN18.2, show promising antitumor activity; however, durable clinical responses remain difficult to achieve. The major barriers include the dense desmoplastic stroma, highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), antigen heterogeneity, antigen loss, limited CAR-T persistence and expansion, T-cell exhaustion, and on-target, off-tumor toxicity. To overcome these obstacles, emerging strategies have focused on remodeling the TME, engineering armored or dual-target CAR-T cells, developing logic-gated CAR systems, improving CAR-T persistence, and optimizing delivery approaches through nanomaterials, oncolytic viruses, in situ CAR-T generation, alternative immune-cell carriers, and locoregional administration. Overall, CAR-T therapy for pancreatic cancer is progressing from preclinical exploration toward clinical translation. Future success will likely depend on rational target selection, multi-dimensional TME modulation, advanced CAR engineering, precision delivery, and biomarker-guided patient stratification.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.