Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42681445›Full record

ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2026

In Vitro Phagocytosis Assays.

Yeniley Ruiz Noa, Melika Loriamini, Selena Cen, Tik Nga Tong, Lindsay K Hillis, Gurleen Sandhu, Clemence Salou, Beth Binnington, Donald R Branch

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yeniley Ruiz NoaCanadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Keenan Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Melika LoriaminiCanadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Keenan Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Selena CenCanadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Keenan Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Tik Nga TongCanadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Keenan Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Lindsay K HillisCanadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Keenan Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Gurleen SandhuCanadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Keenan Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Clemence SalouCanadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Keenan Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Beth BinningtonCanadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Keenan Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Donald R BranchCanadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Keenan Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada. don.branch@utoronto.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We have used an in vitro phagocytosis assay called the monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) for over 40 years to assess the potential clinical significance of antibodies to red blood cells. This assay uses human monocytes, not macrophages, but has been a reliable predictor of hemolysis outcomes in the face of auto- or alloantibodies. However, this assay can be slightly modified to be used with phagocytic cells other than monocytes and with different animals' phagocytes. Indeed, we have been working on using human macrophages in this assay as well as mouse monocyte-macrophages. Thus, we now use the acronym MOMA to mean MOnocyte-Macrophage Assay. Herein, we present detailed methods for performing in vitro phagocytosis assays that use human monocytes, cultured macrophages (MOMA), M1 or M2 macrophages, mouse PBMCs, or the mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7.

Indexed as

MacrophagesMonocytesPhagocytosisAnimalsHumansMiceRAW 264.7 CellsM1 macrophagesM2 macrophagesMMAMonocyte monolayer assayMouse macrophagesPhagocytosis

Identifiers

PMID42681445

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.