Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42681178›Full record

ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2026

Endoskeleton-Enhanced Virus-Like Particles (VLPs): Internal Cross-Linking of Physalis Mottle Virus and Stability Tests.

Zhuohong Wu, Sean K Hsu, Stephen L Craig, Nicole F Steinmetz

Abstract read
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Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Zhuohong WuDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Sean K HsuCenter for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Stephen L CraigDepartment of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Nicole F SteinmetzDepartment of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. nsteinmetz@ucsd.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0130-0481

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Virus-like particles (VLPs) often exhibit favorable chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability compared to other biologic materials. Nonetheless, enhancing their stability remains crucial for advancing VLP-based materials toward practical and commercial use. To address this, we introduced an "endoskeleton-armoring" approach aimed at reinforcing VLP stability. Using the VLP from physalis mottle virus (PhMV) as a model system, we created an internal polymer backbone by covalently linking the coat proteins within the capsid using a maleimide-PEG

Indexed as

Capsid ProteinsCross-Linking ReagentsVirionCapsidMaleimidesPolyethylene GlycolsCapsid ProteinsCross-Linking ReagentsmaleimideMaleimidesPolyethylene GlycolsCrosslinkingProtein cageSingle-molecule force spectroscopyStabilizationVirus-like particles (VLPs)

Identifiers

PMID42681178

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.