ArticleMammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society2026
Tracing the genetic legacy of Malabari goats through complete mitogenome sequencing: evidence of maritime exchange via the historic spice route.
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Abstract
The Malabari goat of South India is one of the most efficient dual-purpose breeds, exhibiting exceptional adaptability to humid tropical stressors. This study aimed to characterize the complete mitochondrial genome of Malabari goats and to decipher their maternal phylogenetic relationships, thereby providing insights into lineage divergence, domestication origins and genetic connectivity with global caprine populations. Whole-genome sequencing of pooled DNA from 20 unrelated Malabari goats revealed a complete mitogenome comprising 37 genes, including 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), in addition to a hypervariable non-coding displacement loop (D-loop) region. A total of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two indels were identified, of which 21 SNPs were detected in PCGs-six of them non-synonymous. Importantly, we report the first tRNA mutation described in goats: a novel heteroplasmic substitution (11693 T>C) in the MT-TL2 gene coding for tRNA
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