ArticleNpj biological timing and sleep2026
Analysis of real-world eye level light exposure through spectacle lens.
Article in Npj biological timing and sleep, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study presents a simulation-based methodology for evaluating lens-modulated light exposure across diverse real-world environmental conditions. A total of 987 outdoor light conditions were captured using calibrated spectroradiometers in 12 countries, recording spectral irradiance (280-780 nm, 1-nm resolution) and illuminance without lenses. Conditions varied by geographic region, weather, head inclination, and solar orientation. A lens transmittance model assigned transmittance values based on ambient illuminance and temperature to simulate the illuminance reaching the eye through clear, sun, and light-adaptive lenses. Melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (EDI) was also computed to assess biologically relevant light exposure. Mean ambient illuminance was 42,561 ± 45,480 lux (range: 266-288,178) and 5934 ± 6738 lux (243-6738 lux) after light-adaptive lens simulation, with significant variations across environmental conditions. High-illuminance exposure (>10,000 lux) decreased from 68% (clear) to 6% (light-adaptive lens), while exposure between 1000 and 10,000 lux increased from 30% to 90%, and low-illuminance (<1000 lux) remained low (1.7% vs 3.1%). Melanopic analysis showed largely preserved melanopic EDI, with only 6% of conditions falling below 250 melanopic EDI. Light-adaptive lens reduced high-intensity light while maintaining moderate daylight levels and melanopic EDI. This methodology provides a more ecologically valid evaluation of lens performance than conventional lab-based testing.
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