Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42679805›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026

Maternal secretor status and human milk oligosaccharides influence the infant gut resistome.

Anna Samarra, Alejandro J Alcañiz, Narciso M Quijada, Simone Renwick, Sergio George, Trishla Sinha, Cecília Martínez-Costa, Nicola Segata, Alexandra Zhernakova, Lars Bode and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Anna SamarraDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: asamarramas@health.ucsd.edu.
Alejandro J AlcañizDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), Department of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Narciso M QuijadaInstitute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), CSIC - USAL, Salamanca, Spain.
Simone RenwickDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Sergio GeorgeDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (Eastern Campus), Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Trishla SinhaDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Cecília Martínez-CostaDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Section, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Nicola SegataDepartment CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
Alexandra ZhernakovaDepartment of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Lars BodeDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Human Milk Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Maria Carmen ColladoDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology- National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: mcolam@iata.csic.es.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The infant gut resistome is established early in life and is shaped by perinatal exposures, yet the mechanisms underlying its modulation remain unclear. We combined shotgun metagenomics of fecal samples from 57 one-month-old infants and paired milk samples from 50 mothers in the MAMI cohort to investigate the influence of maternal secretor status on early-life resistome development. Longitudinal follow-up at 6 and 12 months, and also further validation in the independent Lifelines NEXT (LLNEXT) cohort, support our findings. Cesarean section (C-section) was associated with increased antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) diversity, whereas exclusive breastfeeding reduced ARG abundance and diversity. Maternal secretor status further modified resistome composition among exclusively breastfed infants. Human milk oligosaccharide profiling identified specific glycans underlying these associations, with 2'-fucosyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose showing negative correlations with distinct ARG classes. These findings identify human milk composition as a key determinant of early-life resistome assembly and a potential target for modulating antimicrobial resistance.

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeMilk, HumanOligosaccharidesAdultBreast FeedingCesarean SectionDrug Resistance, MicrobialFecesFemaleHumansInfantLactoseTrisaccharides2'-fucosyllactose6'-sialyllactoseLactoseOligosaccharidesTrisaccharidesantibiotic resistance genesbreastfeedinghuman milk oligosaccharidesinfant resistomematernal secretor statusmicrobiomemode of delivery

Identifiers

PMID42679805
PMCPMC13589485

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.