Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42678519›Full record

Observational studyDiabetes research and clinical practice2025

A population health analysis of trends in lower extremity amputation secondary to diabetes and peripheral artery disease, 2016-2023.

Margaret A Reilly, Isabel C Cohen, Samantha L Watson, Samantha D Minc, Karen J Ho, Joe Feinglass

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Margaret A ReillyDivision of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 650, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: Margaret.reilly@nm.org.
Isabel C CohenFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: Isabel.cohen@northwestern.edu.
Samantha L WatsonFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: Samantha.watson1@northwestern.edu.
Samantha D MincDivision of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, DUMC Box 3704, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Electronic address: Samantha.minc@duke.edu.
Karen J HoDivision of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 N St. Clair St, Suite 650, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: kho1@nm.org.
Joe FeinglassDivision of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 750 North Lakeshore Drive, 10th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: j-feinglass@northwestern.edu.

Funding

Vascular Surgery Scientist Training ProgramT32HL094293 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI ESKANDARI, MARK K · 2009 to 2023
$4.0M
Implementing a Community-Engaged Amputation Prevention Intervention in Rural Patients with Diabetes and Peripheral Arterial DiseaseK23DK128569 · NIDDK · WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY · PI MINC, SAMANTHA D · 2021 to 2025
$977k
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL094293NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK128569
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThis observational cohort study analyzes changes in amputation rates and inpatient outcomes for Illinois residents with diabetes and peripheral artery disease (PAD) admitted to non-federal hospitals.

methodsHospital admissions for lower extremity amputations for Illinois residents from 2016 to 2023 were identified from the Illinois Hospital Association COMPdata database. Patients aged less than 34 years, with oncology or trauma-related diagnosis codes or isolated toe amputations were excluded. Average annual amputation rates per 100,000 by age group, sex, race/ethnicity and zip code household poverty levels were calculated using American Community Survey estimates.

resultsThere were 30,834 amputation admissions from 193 Illinois hospitals, increasing 65 % between 2016 and 2023. Rates of diabetes and hospital stays over 20 days increased significantly. Through foot amputations increased 129.4 %, with a decrease in Hi-Lo ratio to 1.04 from 1.83. The largest percent increases in amputation rates were for males (+76.1 %), non-Hispanic Black patients (+67.5 %), and residents aged 65 to 74 years old.

conclusionRacial, socioeconomic and gender disparities in amputation rates appear to be increasing despite reduced smoking and therapeutic improvements, reflecting increasing diabetes and PAD prevalence. Health systems and community partners should emphasize aggressive prevention including screening, early diagnosis and intensive risk factor management.

Indexed as

Amputation, SurgicalDiabetes MellitusDiabetic FootLower ExtremityPeripheral Arterial DiseaseAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansIllinoisMaleMiddle AgedDiabetesHi-Lo ratioLower extremity amputationPeripheral artery diseaseThrough-foot amputation

Identifiers

PMID42678519
PMCPMC13534928

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.