ArticleJournal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence2026
The serial effect of bullying victimization and aggression outcome expectancies on within-person changes in proactive aggression among adolescents across one year.
Article in Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The mechanisms of within-person changes in proactive aggression among senior high school students remain unclear. A Victimization-Expectancy Model of Proactive Aggression (VEMPA), inspired by ideas of the General Aggression Model (GAM) and Social Learning Theory (SLT), was developed to address this issue. Specifically, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine how bullying victimization has an effect on within-person changes in proactive aggression through positive aggression outcome expectancies (positive AOE) in 641 senior high school students (43.1% girls, Mage = 16.76 years, SD = 0.68) across one year. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) analysis indicated that positive AOE at Time 2 mediated the effect of bullying victimization at Time 1 on proactive aggression at Time 3 at the within-person level, after controlling for reactive aggression. These results partially support the VEMPA, which provides an effective theoretical framework for understanding the mechanisms of within-person changes in proactive aggression among senior high school students. These findings have implications for developing targeted interventions for proactive aggression.
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