ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2026
Antigen-Loaded and Calcium-Incorporated Chitosan Oligosaccharide Nanoparticles for Dendritic Cell Cross-Presentation and Immunotherapy.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Cancer vaccines, a type of immunotherapy for cancer treatment, have been extensively studied over the years. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages play a crucial role in vaccine therapies by presenting specific antigens to helper or cytotoxic T cells. Nanoparticles, which can extend the half-life of antigens and offer targeted delivery, are ideal vaccine delivery systems. Methods: In this study, we utilized calcium-incorporated chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles (Ca-CS NPs) as carriers to load ovalbumin (OVA) and deliver it to DCs. We characterized the NPs, examined the cell uptake, cross-presentation and immune responses by cell in vitro. In vivo, the biodistribution, immune response, anti-tumor effects and safety of NPs were examined. Results: Both CS-OVA NPs and Ca-CS-OVA NPs remained stable at 4 °C for 7 days and exhibited no cytotoxicity toward DC2.4 and RAW 264.7 cells. Compared with OVA and CS-OVA NPs, Ca-CS-OVA NPs effectively promoted the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and induced stronger Th1 response in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that Ca-CS-OVA was distributed into lymph nodes and enhanced immune responses following subcutaneous administration. Moreover, Ca-CS-OVA NPs in combination with aCTLA-4 showed the best anti-tumor efficacy without adverse events. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Ca-CS NPs possess good biocompatibility and are a potential platform for cancer vaccine-based immunotherapies.
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