Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42677042›Full record

SynthesisDepression and anxiety2026

Nonalcoholic Beverage Consumption and the Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Yixin Ouyang, Jingyi Liang, Xijie He, Xiangrui Song, Ting Qi, Mengkun Li, Yuan Feng, Songyu Wu, Qianlu Ding, Zhouyang Sun and 3 more

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Depression and anxiety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yixin OuyangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Jingyi LiangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Xijie HeDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Xiangrui SongDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Ting QiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Mengkun LiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Yuan FengDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Songyu WuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Qianlu DingDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Zhouyang SunDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Tingyi JiaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.
Changgui KouDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9544-4066
Wei BaiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China, jlu.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-9959

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Depression, anxiety, and stress represent a major global public health burden. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between nonalcoholic beverage consumption and these mental health outcomes. Methods: We systematically searched four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) through November 19, 2024. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with subgroup analyses and meta-regression to explore heterogeneity sources. Results: The analysis included 59 studies comprising 132 independent reports with 2,050,716 participants. Higher nonalcoholic beverage consumption was significantly associated with depression (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.11-1.26) and anxiety (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.12-1.55). For stress, the main pooled analysis was not statistically significant (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.98-1.35), whereas sensitivity analysis excluding Sangsefidi et al. was significant (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06-1.38). Beverage-specific analyses revealed that coffee was inversely associated with depression (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.99), while sugar-sweetened beverages, bubble tea, carbonated beverages, and energy drinks were positively associated with depression, and bubble tea and carbonated beverages were positively associated with anxiety. Conclusions: Nonalcoholic beverage consumption was associated with depression and anxiety, whereas evidence for stress was less stable. Coffee showed an inverse association with depression, while most other beverage types showed positive associations with depression or anxiety. These findings may help inform future mental health-related dietary research and public health strategies, particularly regarding the assessment of beverage consumption patterns, while further prospective and interventional studies are needed before specific dietary recommendations can be made.

Indexed as

AnxietyBeveragesDepressionStress, PsychologicalHumansanxietydepressionmeta-analysisnonalcoholic beveragesstress

Identifiers

PMID42677042
PMCPMC13527640

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.